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Gerard Thom
Blessed Fra' Gerard (c. 1040 – September 3, 1120), variously surnamed Tum, Tune, Tenque or Thom, is accredited as the founder of the Knights Hospitaller which is currently divided into the Military and Hospitaller Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem, the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem and the Order of Malta, as well as numerous other groups who trace their descent and/or inspiration to the original Hospitaller's order.
==Background==
Since the death of Christ, the Holy Land has attracted pilgrims from throughout Christendom. The journey to Jerusalem was often one of penance and piety, with many pilgrims going to the Holy Land to carry out a penance given by a confessor or as a personal act of devotion. Some would even go to the Holy Land to die and be buried there, and so be one of the first to witness the second coming of Christ. While the pilgrimage to the Holy Land was relatively shortonly five months from western Franceit was riddled with risks, including: inclement weather, shipwrecks, bandits, and unsafe roads. Pilgrims often arrived to the Holy Land sick and in need of assistance.
Even before the crusades, hostelries were indispensable to shelter the pilgrims who flocked to the Holy Places, and in the beginning the hospitia or xenodochia were nothing more. They belonged to different nations; a Frankish hospice is spoken of in the time of Charlemagne; the Hungarian hospice is said to date from King St. Stephen (year 1000).
Recognizing the pilgrims’ plight, several merchants from the Amalfi region of Italy petitioned the Caliph of Egypt to open a hospital in the Christian quarter of Jerusalem near the Holy Sepulcher. One of these merchants, Mauro of Pantaleone, was close to the abbot of the powerful Benedictine abbey of Montecassino. Together they established the abbey of St. Mary of the Latins and the nunnery, St Mary Magdalene. Cassinese monks would have tended to the sick and poor pilgrims. They also would have been responsible for burying all of the Christians who died in Jerusalem. With the influx of pilgrims, between 1060 and 1070, the Benedictines established the Hospital of St. John, dedicated to St. John the Baptist.〔(Nicholson, Helen J., ''The Knights Hospitaller'',Boydell & Brewer, 2001, ISBN 9780851158457 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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